Islam and Pakistan free essay sample

For the sake of Allah the most helpful the most lenient A wonderful scene of sunset portrays a sweet image of the universe, when the sun sets, and quiet and tranquility immerses the noisy voices of the day, I regularly observe the winged animals returning back to their homes. These little animals, coming up short on the staff of thinking and discourse, accept that the best spot at any point found on the planet is home. Regardless of how far we are from our homes, its need never reduces and  Mr. President, decent instructors commendable guardians and dear colleagues this is the principal motivation behind why I love Pakistan? Pakistan’s creation was no uncertainty the best hour of our history our ancestors who had battled for it imagined the guarantee of since a long time ago treasured opportunity, vote based system and success. It is the nation which was made to work for a perfect equitable state dependent on social equity as an upholder of human opportunity and world harmony, in which all residents were to appreciate equivalent rights and opportunity from dread, need and obliviousness. We will compose a custom paper test on Islam and Pakistan or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Dear colleagues, Pakistan my country is in actuality the place where there is favors. Its creation talks its pride. History instructs us that what amount treasured the fantasy of Pakistan was and how truly our dads battled for it . trust me or not, the most critical explanation of cherishing Pakistan is autonomy development itself. I know very well Mr. President that the shackles of subjugation grab all such all inventive offices and the delightful world a paradise to take in, transforms into damnation without opportunity. By the beauty of Allah my nation, my adoration, my country offers me to appreciate the outdoors of autonomy . Being an understudy I have surfaced the papers of history to think about the fantastic penances of my forefathersâ and as unassuming symbolic I offer my thanks to them by gladly declaring in open that Pakistan I love u . ,Furthermore, I have a large number of motivations to demonstrate that why I love Pakistan? I was pondering a couple of days back what Pakistan has accomplished for me and how we respond when something occurs down there. I am pleased to state that Im Muslim, and after my religion I am generally glad for the nation to which I have a place, Pakistan. Here are a few realities: Pakistan is the main nation to be established based on Islam Pakistan posseses the sixth biggest armed force on the planet today. Pakistan is the absolute most impressive Muslim nation on the planet today. Pakistani Air Force and Army work force train all other Muslim nations, which incorporate most Arab countries today. Pakistan is the main Muslim nation that posseses Nuclear power. I can see the splendid eventual fate of Pakistan. as Quaid said. † There is no force on earth that can fix Pakistan†. In end I would supplicate every one of you to adore this nation as a gift of God, stand joined together, monitor its personality and geological limits, work day and night for its better and commended picture,. Live like Ghazis and Shaheens of Iqbal, kick the bucket like saints. I need to salute to all national legends and my educators on this extraordinary day, at whatever point listen the best name Pakistan consistently react Zindabad. The opportunity has already come and gone to clasp hands and state it so anyone can hear. pakistan zindabad. Salute Pakistan.

Cheating Essay Writing - How to Find Out If Your Spouse is Cheating

Cheating Essay Writing - How to Find Out If Your Spouse is CheatingCheating essay writing is a very common issue when people try to figure out if their mate is in the habit of being unfaithful. It is often not easy to determine whether or not a person is cheating, because most people don't act this way on a consistent basis. However, there are still some signs that can help you find out if a person is cheating on you.One of the most common signs that your spouse is cheating on you is when they are acting out of genuine and honest reasons. There are some telltale signs that the cheating will occur in order for you to be able to know whether or not your spouse is cheating on you.For example, if your spouse suddenly gets a significant amount of new cell phone minutes that were used a short time ago, this could be an indication that they are cheating on you. When they do spend time on their phone talking on the phone with someone, this is another sign that they are cheating on you.Someti mes when a person cheats on you, they will do it out of great lengths. Things like hiding money under the couch or sometimes telling you things that they are not supposed to tell you.Sometimes when a cheating husband or wife will go to the bathroom at work and the toilet paper would normally be sitting right next to them, it is one of the signs that they are cheating on you. Another one of the signs that they are cheating on you is if you suddenly get a lot of mail from them that just seems to get later.You may also see that your spouse has a tendency to write things down in their personal journal instead of in the presence of you. This is a sign that they are trying to keep a secret.Some other signs that you might see if your spouse is cheating on you iswhen you start to notice they are suddenly spending more time online than usual, maybe even logging into dating sites. Or even when they seem to be spending more time reading their favorite book or looking through the newspaper.Chea ting essay writing can be done through a number of different ways. You can look through online romance sites, chat rooms, and even look through your spouse's emails to see if there is something fishy going on.

The Silver Linings Playbook Chapter 45

Break Free of a Nimbostratus Seven days after my cast has been expelled, I remain solitary on the footbridge in Knight's Park, inclining my weight on the railing, looking down at a lake I could stroll around in under five minutes. The water underneath me has a slender layer of ice on top, and I consider dropping rocks through it, yet I don't have the foggiest idea why, particularly since I have no stones. Indeed, even still, I need to drop shakes through the ice so severely, to cut it, demonstrating that it is frail and impermanent, to see the dark water underneath ascend and out of the opening only i will have made. I consider the shrouded fish †for the most part those large goldfish individuals stock the lake with so elderly people men will have something to take care of in spring and young men will have something to get in the late spring †fish presently tunneled in the mud at the base of the lake. Or then again are these fish tunneling right now? Will they hold up until the lake freezes totally? Here's an idea: I'm similar to Holden Caulfield pondering ducks, just I'm thirty-five years of age and Holden was a young person. Possibly the mishap thumped my mind over into youngster mode? Some portion of me needs to ascend onto the railing and bounce off the extension, which is just ten yards in length, just three feet over the lake; some portion of me needs to get through the ice with my feet, to plunge down, down, down into the mud, where I can rest for quite a long time and disregard all I presently recall and know. Some portion of me wishes I never recovered my memory, that I despite everything had that bogus want to stick to †that I despite everything had at any rate the possibility of Nikki to keep me pushing ahead. At the point when I at long last gaze upward from the ice and toward the soccer fields, I see that Tiffany has acknowledged my encouragement to meet, much the same as Cliff said she would. She is just two inches tall out yonder, wearing a yellow ski top and a white coat that covers the greater part of her thighs, making her appear as though a wingless holy messenger developing and developing †and I watch her pass the swing sets and the huge structure with outdoor tables inside. I watch her stroll along the water's edge until she at long last contacts her typical stature, which is five feet and a couple of inches tall. At the point when she steps onto the footbridge, I quickly look down at the slim layer of ice once more. Tiffany strolls over to me and stands so her arm is practically contacting mine, yet not exactly. Utilizing my fringe vision, I see that she also is presently looking down at the slender layer of ice, and I wonder in the event that she likewise wishes she could drop a few rocks. We stand like this for what appears to be 60 minutes, neither of us saying anything. My face gets freezing, until I can no longer feel my nose or ears. At long last, without taking a gander at Tiffany, I state, â€Å"Why didn't you go to my birthday party?† which is a dumb inquiry to present as of now, I understand, yet I can't consider whatever else to state, particularly since I haven't seen Tiffany for a long time †not since I shouted at her on Christmas Day. â€Å"My mother said she welcomed you. So for what reason didn't you come?† After a long delay, Tiffany says, â€Å"Well, similar to I said in my letter, your sibling took steps to murder me in the event that I reached you. Additionally, Ronnie went to my home the day preceding your gathering and precluded me to go. He said they never ought to have presented us in the first place.† I had just conversed with Jake about his risk, yet I make some hard memories envisioning Ronnie saying something like this to Tiffany. But then I realize Tiffany is coming clean. She appears to be truly harmed and helpless at the present time, particularly on the grounds that she is kind of biting on her base lip as though it were a bit of gum. Most likely Ronnie said these words against Veronica's desires. His better half could never let him state something so conceivably self image harming to Tiffany, and the idea of Ronnie shielding Tiffany from going to my gathering makes me somewhat glad for my closest companion, particularly since he conflicted with his significant other's desires to secure me. â€Å"Bros B4 Hos† is the thing that Danny said to me each time I would regret Nikki, back when we were both in the awful spot †before he had that subsequent activity. In craftsmanship treatment class, Danny even made me a little banner with the words written in polished gold letters, which I held tight the divider space between my bed and my flat mate Jackie's †back in the terrible spot †however one of the insidious attendants brought Danny's fine art down when I was not in the room, a reality Jackie affirmed by flickering and slamming his head against his shoulder. Despite the fact that I understand the expression is kind of chauvinist (since men ought not allude to ladies as hos), saying â€Å"Bros B4 Hos† in my brain now kind of makes me grin, particularly since Ronnie is my best brother in New Jersey, presently that Jake and Danny live in PA. â€Å"I'm grieved, Pat. Is that what you need to hear? All things considered, I'll state it once more, I'm incredibly screwing sorry.† Even however Tiffany utilizes the f-word, her voice kind of quivers like Mom's the point at which she says something she genuinely means, and it makes me feel that Tiffany may really begin crying right here on the extension. â€Å"I'm a spoiled individual who no longer realizes how to speak with my loved ones. In any case, I implied all that I let you know in my letter. In the event that I were your Nikki, I would have returned to you on Christmas Day, however I'm not Nikki. I know. Furthermore, I'm sorry.† I don't have the foggiest idea what to state accordingly, so we remain there for a long time, saying nothing. Out of nowhere †for some insane explanation †I need to disclose to Tiffany the completion of the film, the one that was my previous lifestyle. I figure she should know the closure, particularly since she had a featuring job. And afterward the words are spilling out of me. â€Å"I chose to go up against Nikki, just to tell her I recollect what occurred between us yet don't hold any feelings of spite. My sibling drove me to my old house in Maryland, and for reasons unknown, Nikki is as yet living there, which I thought was kind of peculiar, particularly since she has another me †this person Phillip who works with Nikki as a kindred English instructor and constantly used to consider me an uneducated clown since I never used to peruse artistic books,† I state, forgetting about the part about my choking and punching stripped Phillip when I got him in the shower with Nikki, â€Å"and on the off chance that I were Phillip, I presumably would not have any desire to live in my better half's ex's home, since that is simply kind of abnormal, right?† Tiffany doesn't utter a word when I delay, so I simply continue talking. â€Å"When we drove down my old road, it was snowing, which is somewhat more uncommon in Maryland and hence a serious deal to little children. There was just perhaps a half inch on the ground †a cleaning †however enough to gather up in your grasp. I saw Nikki outside with Phillip, and they were playing with two youngsters †by the hues every wa wearing, I calculated the one in naval force blue was a young man and the one for the most part in peach was a significantly humbler young lady. After we moved by, I advised Jake to circle the square and park the vehicle a large portion of a street or two away so we could watch Nikki's new family play in the day off. My old house is on a bustling road, so we weren't probably going to draw Nikki's consideration. Jake did as I asked and afterward slaughtered the motor yet left the windshield wipers on so he could see. I moved down my window, as I was in the rearward sitting arrangement in view of my cast, and we viewed the family play for quite a while †so long that Jake at long last began the vehicle back up and turned on the warmth since he was excessively cold. Nikki was wearing the long green-and-white-striped scarf I used to wear to Eagles games, an earthy colored animal dwellingplace coat, and red gloves. Her strawberry fair hair hung openly from under her green cap, such a large number of twists. They were having a snowball battle; Nikki's new family was having a delightful snowball battle. You could tell the children cherished their dad and mom, and the dad adored the mother, and the mother cherished the dad, and the guardians cherished the youngsters †as they all hurled the snow at one another so affectionately, alternating pursuing one another, giggling and falling into each other's vigorously packaged bodies, and †¦Ã¢â‚¬  I delay here in light of the fact that I am experiencing difficulty getting the words out of my throat. â€Å"And I squinted hard attempting to see Nikki's face, and even from a traffic light away I could tell she was grinning the entire time and was so glad, and by one way or another that was sufficient for me to authoritatively end separated time and roll the credits of my film without standing up to Nikki, so I just asked Jake to drive me back to New Jersey, which he did, on the grounds that he is most likely the best sibling in the whole world. So I surmise I simply need Nikki to be cheerful, regardless of whether her glad life does exclude me, since I got my opportunity and I was definitely not a generally excellent spouse and Nikki was an extraordinary wife, and †¦Ã¢â‚¬  I need to stop once more. I swallow a few times. â€Å"And I'm simply going to recall that scene as the glad closure of my previous lifestyle's film. Nikki having a snowball battle with her new family. She looked so upbeat †and her new spouse, and her two kids †¦Ã¢â‚¬  I quit talking in light of the fact that no more words will come out. Maybe the virus air has just solidified my tongue and throat †as though the virus is spreading down into my lungs and is freezing my chest from the back to front. Tiffany and I remain on the scaffold for quite a while. Despite the fact that my face is numb, I start to feel a glow in my eyes, and out of nowhere I understand I am kind of crying once more. I wipe my eyes and nose with my jacket sleeve, and afterward I am wailing. Just when I get done with crying does Tiffany at long last talk, in spite of the fact that she doesn't discuss Nikki. â€Å"I got you a birthday present, however it's not a lot. What's more, I didn't wrap it or get you a card or anything, since, well †¦ on the grounds that I'm your messed up companion who doesn't purchase cards or wrap presents. Also, I know it's over a month late, yet anyway †¦Ã¢â‚¬  She removes her gloves, fixes a couple of catches, and pulls my present from within pocket of her jacket. I tak

Police Brutality - 1399 Words

Composition 1 Argumentative Research Essay Final Draft. Police Brutality Police work is dangerous. Sometimes police put in situations that excessive force is needed. But, because some officers use these extreme measures in situations when it is not, police brutality occurs. I believe Police brutality needs to be addressed, because it affects every one of us within our society. How can we trust the Police officers who sworn to â€Å"serve the public† when they use such excessive force that results in homicide? For those people who feel racism is not a factor in causing the use of excessive force, here is a startling fact. In Tampa Bay, Florida, five men died while in the custody of the Tampa Bay police Department (C.C. 27). The†¦show more content†¦During a disturbing 911 call before her death, Delafield told the dispatcher she believed she was in danger and that her sister was trying to harm her. Officers say when they arrived, Delafield was in her wheelchair, threatening police and family members with two knives and a hammer. One officer Tasered Delafield nine times for a total of 160 seconds and another officer Tasered the woman once for less than 5 seconds. Delafield s death was ruled a homicide. The family of slain teen, Fong Lee, have filed a lawsuit against the Minneapolis police and the officer who killed him. The family has compiled a review of police reports, witness statements and other evidence that support the theory that Fong Lee was unarmed when he was shot by police eight times in 2006 and the gun found near his body was planted there by police. The gun that the officers claim to have found near Fong Lee s body had been recovered by police from a burglary and was kept as evidence. The family also alleges in court documents that Minneapolis police may have tried to deliberately alter history by writing new reports indicating the gun recovered near Fong Lee s body was not the same gun that had been recovered after the burglary. The evidence suggests that Minnesota police planted the gun to cover themselves after killing Fong Lee in the street. Police reports indicate that no fingerprints or DNA was found on the weapon. After a May 13, 2009Show MoreRelatedThe Causes Of Police Brutality810 Words   |  4 Pages Police brutality remains to be one of the most abused human rights in the US.Police have actet out in ways that have made people wonder â€Å"Are officers of the law really doing there job?† Over takats African Americans have gotten discriminated .But for over 50 years those who are to protect us are not.One of the reasons that The media contributes to police brutality is by leaving some stories untold or even change it which then leaves an false impression for the readers . The Media only reportsRead MoreA Report On Police Brutality1367 Words   |  6 PagesStudent Name Instructor Date Course Police Brutality There is various forms of human rights violation currently in the United States, however; Police abuse remains the most serious of them all. Police brutality is, therefore, the use of excessive force or even unnecessary force by the police while they are dealing with civilians. People are left wondering if the police are doing the jobs they were appointed to do under the law. They act in ways such as the use of guns and pepper sprays to intimidateRead MorePolice Brutality1569 Words   |  7 PagesPersuasive/Policy/Problem/Cause/Solution Central Idea/Thesis: Police brutality should be regulated with greater strength and objectivity. INTRODUCTION I. Police brutality is constantly made known to us all through mass media, but I hadn’t ever taken the time to truly grasp the severity of it until it hit close to home. A. Three weeks ago, a close family friend was brutally beaten in front of his children at a family gathering by the police. B. My purpose is to persuade my audience that police brutality should be regulated with greaterRead MorePolice Brutality And The Police Essay940 Words   |  4 Pages Police brutality refers to the use of excessive force against a civilian. The controversies that surround the topic of police brutality relate to different definitions and expectations over what is meant by excessive force. Indeed, police officers are expressly authorized to use necessary, reasonable force to perform their duties. As Jerome Skolnick, an influential police scholar in the United States, underscores: â€Å"as long as members of society do not comply with the law and resist the police, forceRead MorePolice Brutality And The Police851 Words   |  4 Pagesthe police, your opinion may vary. Let me ask you a question about our police force. But keep this in mind, in October 2015 alone, there was 81 deaths by the police. With that being said, who’s to protect us from whose protecting the block? I don t care who you are, you have to be able to realize nowadays that the police brutality is getting out of hand, that the power surge is growing and growing. Look around, there s an increase of civilians death via cops, an increase of reports of police wrongdoingRead MorePolice Brutality2853 Words   |  12 PagesPolice Protality: Introduction Police brutality has been and continues to be of major concern in society. First of all, police brutality is a term used to describe the excessive use of physical force, assault, verbal attacks or slurs, and threats by any law enforcement officer. Efforts to police communities, throughout history, have been tainted by brutality ans abuse of power to some degree. The term police brutality is commonly used very loosely to any and all forms of policeRead MorePolice Brutality1263 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Police Brutality Did you know that Police brutality is the intentional use of excessive force, usually physical, but potentially also in the form of verbal attacks and psychological intimidation, by a police officer? Despite major improvements in police practices (since 1981) reports of alleged police misconduct and abuse continue to spread through the nation. Police Brutality still goes on around the world today with improvements of enforcing police brutality in police departments. There haveRead MorePolice Brutality1865 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Police Brutality is Prevalent Background Information Over the recent years, police have been one of the organizations to be associated with the largest cases of misconduct. Police brutality can be termed as the process of misuse and abuse of authority by the police. The rising cases of police brutality are causing more harm to the public, compared to the actions perpetrated by real criminals. Although police claim that it’s sometimes necessary to curb crime, the process is illegal and police officersRead MorePolice Brutality Over The Years1458 Words   |  6 PagesIt feels as if nothing has changed about police brutality over the years. The usual cycle is that juries acquit the police, cops get their jobs back, and brutality happens again. One of the most broadcasted cases of police brutality, was the beating of Rodney King. On the night of March 2, 1991, a bystander named George Holiday, videotaped the moment when five officers used excess force on an African American man named Rodney King, beating him with batons as he strugg led on the ground. Also, it wasRead MorePolice Misconduct and Police Brutality985 Words   |  4 Pages We hear about police misconduct case and wonder, Why don’t they do anything to stop this? Many say that we should keep the police officers’ perspective in mind. Others say that these actions are due to racism or post 9/11 paranoia. Whatever the excuse may be for these cases, there should be no need for violence anywhere. Police brutality videos go viral and reveal to the world that it actually happens and that it may happen to you too. This pervades people with fear and anger because their

How Can an Organization Use an Intranet to Achieve...

Organizations can effectively use the intranet to achieve knowledge sharing within it. According to Robertson (2004), the intranet can provide a dynamic living environment necessary for knowledge sharing. This aspect is also supported by Averweg (2011) who states that knowledge management involves the contribution of knowledge in organizations especially in the sharing of knowledge in informal infrastructure, essentially through communities of structure. Organizations can enable this through the acquisition of necessary infrastructure for the same. Essentially, the intranet contains technology tools that support knowledge sharing. Robertson (2004) further emphasizes the significance of intranet in knowledge sharing by stating how†¦show more content†¦People can place ideas on platforms and these will progressively be modified or rejected but overall knowledge sharing is encouraged (Mpindiwa 2010). Cultural change is critical in the effectiveness of the intranet as a knowledge management tool and organizations can achieve this through the involvement of its staff in design and implementation of the platform, which will promote the culture and drive to use the intranet and hence lead to better knowledge acquisition (Oyekan 2007). The intranet should be designed and tailored to provide for knowledge management needs. Here technology can essentially be used on a push and pull basis where the ‘push’ aspect of the technology provides for the dissemination of information to the employees and the ‘pull’ aspect enables the obtaining of information from the same employees. The organizations can basically enable these functions by obtaining the relevant infrastructure; this infrastructure can then utilize a standard Internet browser for the platform on which the organization can perform its functions (Averweg 2008). Overall, I believe that the intranet function should typically enable communication and collaboration and organizations can achieve this through sending and reception of faxes, creating discussion rooms as well as chat rooms. This can also be supported by the use ofShow MoreRelatedDescribe Business Models1230 Words   |  5 PagesDescribe Business Models How can an organization use intranet to achieve knowledge sharing among its employees? An intranet is engaging technologies of internet within the organizational network instead of implementing external global internet connections. An intranet refers to an effective, easy, and modern method of communicating to employees across different departments. By implementing an intranet, organizations can share knowledge thus making sure that all employees are aware of vital informationRead MoreBenefits Of Collaboration In The Workplace1242 Words   |  5 Pagesconnections has given rise to tools enabling employees to collaborate with colleagues effectively, producing a more educated, skilled and engaged workforce. Moreover, this collaboration is increasingly happening online, rather than in person. Why collaborate? The benefits of collaboration When working on a project, an individual often needs the input of other employees. By collaboration with others- different departments or even different offices, skills can be pooled to make the project more successfulRead MoreInformation Technology and Internal Marketing in Providence Solutions Pte Ltd2417 Words   |  10 Pagesfast become a priority activity within many organizations as companies engage in a race towards the development of unique, sustainable sources of competitive advantage. For many companies, internal marketing is seen as a â€Å"solution to the problem of delivering consistently high service quality† (Ahmed and Rafiq xiii), wherein internal marketing activities are designed to align employee actions and behaviors with the values and desired image of the organization, potentially eliminating the costs of businessRead MoreBusiness Information Questions1550 Words   |  7 PagesWhat major features of a business are important for understanding the role of information systems? To achieve operational excellence. To develop new products and services. To attain customer intimacy and service. To improve decision-making. To achieve competitive advantages. To ensure survival. Define a business and describe the major business functions. A business is a formal organization whose aim is to produce products or provide services for a profit. The type of business and organizationalRead MoreHow National Culture Has On How Individuals Share Knowledge With Others851 Words   |  4 PagesKnowledge Dissemination can be improved by enabling employees talk to face which helps learning information faster. Also, documenting the details helps to access information in the future. This is because not all the tacit knowledge can be transferred, so it is better to transfer it in wiki or other storage media. Another way is communicating with employees so that they can also retain the information and use it in future. Question 3: Given the effects that national cultureRead MoreDanone Case Study Essay7368 Words   |  30 Pagessuccess of Danone relates closely to the importance of knowledge management; focusing on sharing and retaining knowledge within the organization. Making sure the company is well prepared for to react to changes. Danone has created programs to enforce knowledge management in different ways. Main problems have been discussed and each of the issues outlined have certain recommendations that Danone would benefit from, helping to improve knowledge management. Lacking of formal information technology systemsRead MoreThe Community Of Community Living Trust Essay1586 Words   |  7 Pages1998 the organization started providing other services like behavior support, family, residential, vocational and therapy services in the midland region. It will help people with multiple diagnoses that includes intellectual disabilities, autism, challenging behavior, as well as offending histories, to improve their lives and live more independently. On 1 July 2012, Community Living Trust divided into two separate entities-Community Living Trust and Community Living Limited in order to achieve the strategicRead MoreChanges Do Happen Daily On An Organizational Behavior1936 Words   |  8 Pages This happens as organizations move to improve their services and products or to correct the wrongs done following their previous decisions. Knowledge is part of the business realities today. This comes at a time known as the information age. In this generation people value intellectual power more than physical assets. This is further highlighted amongst the original factors of production which include; land, labor, and capital. Entrepreneurship is highly rated and organizations are mostly lookingRead MoreThe Information Systems Requirements and Subsequent Evaluation of the Impact These Systems Will Have on the Business ‘Ready to Eat,9110 Words   |  37 Pagespurpose and how they work. This report will then discuss the increasing gl obalisation of markets and how IS can be utilised in small businesses to capitalise on these new markets and improve their competiveness. Further discussion are delivered on what information systems are available and describes how IS haves different functions but can and do overlap when providing support for the specific business function. The report identifies information system by their function and how they can assist RTERead MoreMB: Case Study Questions and Answers3144 Words   |  13 PagesQuestions Q1. How have the CEO and management sought to create teamwork? The CEO and management of M B has introduced a new way of doing things that has changed the perception of the employees and introduced the team culture geared toward attaining the companies goals and objectives collectively. The introduction of the new CEO has turned around the image of the company compared to the previous CEO where the employees felt they were to be coerced in order to deliver. The employees were never empowered

A Swot Analysis Of Red Bull - 1466 Words

In order to formulate four scenarios that can help improve the strategy of Red Bull in the United Kingdom over the next 20 years, it will be reasonable to consider a SWOT analysis of the company within its industry, then funnel it to a PEST analysis within the given nation, UK. This way, using Porter’s 5 Forces to back up its influence within the given market can better support it. Therefore, constructing four scenarios based on 2 independent factors will be feasible. SWOT Analysis Strengths: †¢ Market Leader – Red Bull maintains its lead as the industry leaders in energy drinks across the world with the annual sale of a billion cans. Statistically, in 2003, Red Bull achieved an 80% brand share in the UK market for energy drinks (Mintel, 2009). In Europe alone, Red Bull produces 2/3 of the overall volume in that region and holds the lead in 12 of the 13 West European country it is present in. With such potency, close competitors are failing to make major progression against Red Bull. †¢ Effort Applied toward marketing its product – Knowing its target market (18-25 age group), Red Bull creates campaigns such as Formula 1, BMX biking, Skiing events to promote its product (Red Bull Media House, 2014) by using the slogan ‘Red Bull gives you wings’. This concept significantly increased consumer brand awareness of the product it offered and differentiated it from its competitors. †¢ Alliance (Distribution Channel) – By forming an alliance with Cadbury Schweppes in Australia,Show MoreRelatedSWOT Analysis Red Bull1034 Words   |  5 PagesEmotional context Red Bull’s essence is based on its authenticity and free soul. As such a modern and young brand, they demonstrate it through extreme sports and challenging events, where they provide customers with a product that gives them the strength and energy they are looking for. They have built deep and strong emotional links that connect with their audience through every visible element: logo, slogan and can. Logo. Red Bull Logo Red Bull ´s gold and red logo has been consistentRead MoreSwot Redbull969 Words   |  4 PagesSWOT Strengths Industry leadership Throughout the world, Red bull is the leader in the energy drinks market with annual sales of billion dollars. According to the statistics, in year 2003 red bull achieved 80% brand share of the energy drinks in market. Since year 2000 (compare to 1990s), it has been a clear shakeout, and fewer new brands are launching new products to the market. Furthermore many products offered by leading drink manufacturers could not compete with Red bull in the market, suchRead MoreAnalysis On Current Phase And Opportunities Of Red Bull Company1252 Words   |  6 PagesMARKETING AUDIT This phase provides analysis on current phase and opportunities of Red Bull using Situation analysis and SWOT analysis (see appendix 2). Authoritative writers like Kotler (1977), define marketing audit as an instrument to judge an organization’s overall commitment to a market orientation. Marketing audit helps in increasing the profitability of the company (Kotler, 1999). INTERNAL ANALYSIS i. The Company The organization s inside investigation manages the organization sRead MoreThe Extreme Sports Market : Red Bull1516 Words   |  7 Pagesenergy drink powerhouse, Red Bull. Red Bull was founded in Austria in 1984, and since then has grown rapidly, while also inventing new marketing strategies along the way. According to Forbes, Red Bull is the â€Å"76th worldwide most valuable brand†, which is estimated to be worth 7.2 billion dollars. â€Å"The brand that gives you wings sold 5.6 billion cans, up 4%, across 170 countries in 2014† (Badenhausen, 2015). On the Other hand, just like many of the fortune 500 companies Red Bull is way more than justRead MoreRed Bull Energy Drink1614 Words   |  7 PagesIt Gives You Wiings 2. 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After watching my parents sacrifice so much for the better of their children, I realized it takes a special type of individual to become a parent. Parenting takes patience, dedication and many sacrifices. Most childrens lives are developed through the parenting and teaching of their guardians; this is where most children develop their sense of right from wrong and many other wonderful qualities†¦.and then there are some instances where these qualities are not so wonderful. My parents have mentioned that parenting has changed within the past twenty years. They claim they have seen some substantial increase in pressure for new parents as well as a loss of control over their children. I believe there are practical methods that can help grow a child into a model citizen. Fairness, steadiness and alertness; these effective parenting techniques may guide children into becoming respectable adults. Starting from twenty years ago, research has shown the influence of family structure change affects a childs well-being. We will write a custom essay sample on After watching my parents sacr or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example, disconnection in parenting has accounted for a wide assortment of opposing effects on childrens welfare, both as an instant effect and of more permanent effects that remain until adulthood. Previous research states that children who experience transitions in family arrangement face worse outcomes than children who live in stable two-parent families and possibly even children raised in stable, single-parent families. Moreover, the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (Bureau Of Labor Statistics, 2013) conducted statistics of childrens cognitive performance, internalizing and externalizing behavior problems, and felonious behavior in early and middle childhood and early teenage years (ages 9 to 14). Mentioned by Kelly (2013), the majority of children whose parents have divorced, function within normal or average limits in the years after divorce As a group, they cannot be classified as abnormal. Some have noted though, that the more contact decreases with a parent, the older the child, the more disruptive and detrimental it can be (Furstenberg and Harris, 1992). Additional research suggests that children who live with a single-parent or step-family do not perform as well as children who live with both biological parents on certain factors like: social behavior, comprehension and mechanical procedures. Additionally, it is stated that the type of people who marry and become parents have an important effect on a childs life, regardless if they are divorced or have low-income. A non-hostile, genuine relationship would result in a positive effect in a childs life. This ensures the child they can look up to a responsible and organized individual. A key factor in discipline is to und erstand a childs temperament ways and use a balanced technique to control the child if behavioral issues up rise. The goal of this method is not to turn the child into something they are not; parents should simply follow through and enforce consequences if they have done something incorrectly. Lastly, to be a truly operative parent you must learn the difference between being a friend and a parent. Befriending a child can turn into a disadvantage and the child may think they can get away with things just because they consider a friend to always be on their side. Understanding that there is a boundary between parenting styles and discipline strategies can be challenging due to the lack of synchronization. Ultimately, it takes persistence and more essentially, an individual with an enormous amount of patience.

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We are all heroes essays Nowadays the concept of hero is in no argument weather that they should be alive or not, young or old, poor or rich. There are many institutions that recognized individuals and are branded as heroes. But becoming a hero is not only for the chosen one, not for those who only passed the standards set by human. We are all heroes in our own endeavor no matter how little the good we do. Let us first identify the hero in our society. For I believe that amidst the stress we are experiencing, still there are heroes. Philippines is now confronted with immense economic problem. Philippine oil distributors monopolized and engulf our economy with their sustained price hikes. Thus putting a domino effect in our societies basic commodities. Fiscal crises also worsen our economic situation. Now even a single peso could not buy you cigarette. Where and who are the heroes? The rich who can donate in Donasyon ng bayan by House speaker Jose De Venecia? Perhaps yes! As long as their intentions are sincere to help build the economy. The amounts are just material things that we always look upon. The deed is much to be value and be off by intrigues. Inspite of the economic difficulties, looking on the other side of the coin we could find another hero, the masa. I am one of them and becoming a hero is being able to endure and sacrifice for family. Masa are heroes for we continuously assert and take initiative for the improvement of ones life. Though efforts are little, as other would see, still a heroic deed. We are all heroes in our own endeavor it need not to be broadcast nor given a medal just to become one. Philippine is nevertheless trying to become more competitive when it comes to education. Every now and then the curriculum are being evaluated and changes are administered. On the other hand, more children and youths are seemly out of school inspite of the governments effort in educating them. Som...

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A Bad Time to Raise Children - Research Paper Example In the modern day, with the advent of technology and the prevalence of various risk factors, children remain exposed to a multitude of negative influences that hamper their development. Therefore, the present day is a bad time to raise children because there are several factors that could adversely impact the growing teenagers such as media, social environment and parenting deficiencies. With the advent of technology, various media contents are becoming easily accessible to people, due to which these have become very common place. Furthermore, in the present day, the concept of freedom of expression receives high consideration and, therefore, the process of censorship of the media content has become highly liberal. The public is being bombarded with various media content including movies, TV shows, print and web media etc. In this scenario, movies, TV shows, and video games etc contain a lot of sex and violence, which can negatively impact children. Research studies conducted on the topic suggest that â€Å"exposure to violent media early in life is a precursor to increased aggressive behavior later in life† (Kirsh 36). Similarly, video games, which are easily accessible in abundance, have become very popular among children and adolescents. These games also contain a lot of violent materials that excite youngsters. Thus, they remain engaged in this activity f or prolonged hours daily. This habit, apart from provoking violent behavior in children, presents the content that encourages them to remain engrossed in this activity, thus diverting their attention from core areas like studies, project work etc. Besides, the easy and cheap availability of computer and internet expose the children to harmful content. In today’s world, any child can view web content of any kind by using his or her personal computer. Thus, in the present day, parents have to exercise extreme caution to make sure that their children do not over-engage in

International Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Law - Assignment Example In this regard, obligations erga omnes should be accepted as international law due to the fact that they are based on natural law which must be observed and respected by all states, regardless of jurisdiction5. In this regard, Francisco (33) this kind of law takes precedence over treaty law where international law is concerned due to its nature and the need to protect the basic human rights. It also helps states to be accountable with regard to their actions and this in turn promotes peace6. .7 This is an indication of just how important it is for states to look at these universal obligations as international law8. Treating these obligations as international laws is important for states as it not only also protects them from abuse by other states, but sets clear precedent as to how they should treat other countries and their citizens in cases where there are no clear lines of actions9. A good example of where this is applicable is the issue of torture which is now interminably regard ed as illegal in the face of international law10. As Christian (95) says, it is necessary for all states to understand their legal obligations towards each other in order to have a harmonious existence as the international community. ... This is also echoed by Christian13 who also argues that all states must be able to follow the protocols of international law even in cases where there are no clear guidelines. According to him, where there are no clear guidelines, states must look at the fundamental human rights and use them as the beacon14. International treaties and statues such as the Rome statues are based on this kind of legal precedence that is grounded on the application of universal natural human rights15. Basic human rights are fundamentally international law as every human being is entitled to these rights regardless of where they are16. The Rome statues for instance looks at the rights of soldiers who are captured at war and the captor country is, under the Rome Statue, not allowed to torture the captives as this is an aggravation of basic human rights17. As Francisco (205) says, international humanitarian law is based on the fact that a violation of this law towards even one individual is a violation of t he same towards all mankind. This is predicated by the same declaration with regard to slavery and marine piracy which, when committed is seen under international as a violation not only to the circumstantial victims but also to the rest of mankind18. The violation of the basic human rights such as the deprivation of dignity, the denial of due process etc, to one individual is seen as an undermining of human life all over the world19. Bibliography Andre, Hoogh. Obligations Erga Omnes and International Crimes: A Theoretical Inquiry Into the Implementation and Enforcement of the International Responsibility of States. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers,

Effect of Internal Controls on Financial Performance Essay Example for Free

Effect of Internal Controls on Financial Performance Essay Over the past decade, Africa and other developing regions have been in the midst of tremendous changes. Market liberalization and governmental decentralization policies have interfaced with globalization and urbanization trends to dramatically transform social, political, economic and cultural lives. In this context of rapid change, SME operations can no longer remain behind serving only to meet sustenance income for their owners. SMEs engagements have to become a dynamic and integral part of the market economy. The identification of factors that determine new venture performance such as survival, growth or profitability has been one of the most central fields of entrepreneurship research (Sarasvathy, 2004). A multitude of research papers has focused on exploring various variables and their impact on performance (Bamford et al., 2004). However, in order to be able to analyze and model the performance of new ventures and SMEs, the complexity and dynamism they are facing as well as the fact that they may not be a homogenous group but significantly different in regard to many characteristics (Gartner et al., 1989) have to be taken into account. In line with the above, there have been challenging debates all over the world on the role played by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) towards economic development. Therefore, a vast literature on the growth and performance of SMEs has been developed over the years. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have had a privileged treatment in the development literature, particularly over the last two decades. Hardly any arguments are put forward against SMEs, even if development policies do not necessarily favour them and economic programs, voluntarily or not, often continue to result in large capital investment. Arguments for SMEs come from almost all corners of the development literature programs, particularly in the less developed countries (LDCs), tend to emphasise the role of SMEs, even if practical results differ from the rhetoric. (Carlos Nuno Castel-Branco. May, 2003) Therefore, SMEs seem to be an accepted wisdom within the development debate. It is believed that growth in SMEs should have a positive effect on the living conditions of the people, their income level, housing, utilities. Castel-Branco (2003), in a study, revealed that this is not always true because areas where SMEs are performing so well attracts public attention and many competitors begin to troop into the area. This subsequently leads to over congestion with its associated problems of which accommodation is not an exception. The structure of SMEs in Ghana as perhaps one of the main engines of growth can be viewed as rural and urban enterprises. For urban enterprises, they can either be planned or unplanned. The planned-urban enterprises are characterized by paid employees with registered offices whereas unplanned-urban enterprises are mostly confined to the home, open space, temporal wooden structures, and employment therein is family or apprentices oriented. In the recent pursuit of economic progress, Ghana as a developing country has generally come to recognize that the SME sector may well be the main driving force for growth, due to its entrepreneurial resources and employment opportunities. Nevertheless, the existing attempts to explore empirically the roles played by SME in the economic development of a nation are still somewhat ambiguous. This can be attributed, more or less, to the fact that when examining economic progress per se, economists have tended to ignore the industrial structure of the economy and the impact this can have on such development. The ambiguity of the role of SMEs has therefore necessitated the need for a study to be conducted to access the actual impact of the proliferation of SMEs on the inhabitants of the Medina community. 1.2 Problem Statement The small business sector is recognized as an integral component of economic development and a crucial element in the effort to lift countries out of poverty (Wolfenson, 2001). The dynamic role of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries as engines through which the growth objectives of developing countries can be achieved has long been recognized. The growth of small scale businesses in Ghana so rapid, that it is now seen as a daily affair. Many Potential owners of SMEs move to areas where the feel they can succeed to set them up there. More so, many factors may contribute to the movement of people to settle at certain geographical areas. It is believed that the factors that influence migration include the need for peaceful and violent free environment, the need for fertile business locations, the desire for privacy, government policy and a host of others. Specifically, with reference to the above, the Medina municipality of the Greater Accra region has experienced a noticeable growth and increase in the number movements into the area and for that matter SMEs increase in the last few years. It is important to mention that some research studies have been conducted to determine the real impact of migrations on host societies. In line with the above, this study sorts to assess the nature of SMEs in Medina with respect to the involvement of men and women, the main sources funds for them, the main objectives and challenges faced by SMEs in Medina, reasons the explosion of SMEs in Medina and the scio-economic impacts of this growth of SMEs in Medina. 1.3 Objectives: 1.3.1 Main Objective The main objective of this study is to assess the general impact of the plorefication of SMEs in Medina on the Medina municipality of the Greater Accra region. 1.3.2 Specific Objectives 1. To assess the nature and forms of SMEs in Medina and the relative involvement of women and men. 2. To identify the main objectives and challenges of SMEs in Medina and to rank them in order of importance. 3. Assess the main sources of capital for SMEs in Medina. 4. To assess the status of SMEs in Medina with regard to business registration, savings, record keeping and business account holding. 5. To determine the factors that account for the emergence of small scale businesses in the Medina community 6. To assess the socio-economic impacts of the growth of SMEs in Medina 1.4 Research Questions The study shall provide answers to the following research questions: 1. What is the nature of SME operation in Medina and the relative involvement of women and men? 2. What are the main objectives and challenges of SMEs in Medina and which are ranked more importance? 3. What are the main sources of capital for SMEs in Medina? 4. What are the status of SMEs in Medina with regard to business registration, savings, record keeping and business account holding? 5. What factors have accounted for the emergence of small scale businesses in the Medina community? 6. What are the socio-economic impacts of the growth of SMEs in Medina? 1.5 Justification of the Study It is difficult to analyze the performance, nature of operation and behavior of the SME sector in Ghana due to the lack of comprehensive data on them and their activities. The sector is not classified into sub-sectors and the last industrial survey was conducted in 1995 but covered only medium and large-scale industries. In respect of this, the justification of this study rests on the fact that, study will help provide information on the nature of SMEs in Medina with respect to the involvement of men and women, the main sources funds for them, the main objectives and challenges faced by SMEs in Medina, reasons the explosion of SMEs in Medina and the socio-economic impacts of this growth of SMEs in Medina. Furthermore, the study while provide vital information policy makers of the Medina municipality and all other stakeholders of the Medina community. Finally the study while produce information to will add on to existing literature for further studies in this area. 1.6 Scope and Limitations of the Study Due to time and resource constrains, this study is restricted particularly to the Medina community. The study focuses on the factors that account for the growth of SMEs in Medina and the socio-economic impacts of this change on the people of Medina among others. The study is limited in scope because it fails to cover the entire population of Ghana. The findings of this study may therefore lack generalizability as far as other communities in Ghana are concern. 1.7 Organization of the Study Chapter 1 deals with the background of the study, the problem statement, objectives of the study, justification of the study and organization of the study. Chapter 2 reviews both theoretical and empirical literatures on SMEs in general, in Ghana among others. Chapter 3 introduces the study area and describes the methodologies used to analyze the problems stated. It includes the methods used for data collection, and procedure for data analysis. Chapter 4 is devoted to presentation and discussion of results. Summary statistics of the variables used in the study are presented and discussed. Chapter 5 winds up this study drawing conclusions, their policy implications. Suggestions for future research based on the findings are made. CHAPTER TWO 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction This chapter reviews works on small and medium enterprises in the world, Africa and Ghana. The state of SMEs in Ghana is reviewed here. Also, Works on performance and determinants of performance of SMEs are captured. Furthermore, a section of this chapter assesses the various methods of measuring performance of SMEs which while help open up the understanding of the state of SMEs in Medina. Finally, this chapter closes with some migration theories to help facilitate the comprehension of the factors that actually account for human migration, in this case migration to Medina. 2.2 Definitions and Concepts of SMEs There is no single, uniformly acceptable, definition of a small firm (Storey, 1994). Firms differ in their levels of capitalization, sales and employment. Hence, definitions that employ measures of size (number of employees, turnover, profitability, net worth, etc.) when applied to one sector could lead to all firms being classified as small, while the same size definition when applied to a different sector could lead to a different result. The first attempt to overcome this definition problem was by the Bolton Committee (1971) when they formulated an â€Å"economic† and a â€Å"statistical† definition. Under the economic definition, a firm is regarded as small if it meets the following three criteria: i. It has a relatively small share of their market place; ii. It is managed by owners or part owners in a personalized way, and not through the medium of a formalized management structure; iii. It is independent, in the sense of not forming part of a large enterprise. The Committee also devised a â€Å"statistical† definition to be used in three main areas: a. Quantifying the size of the small firm sector and its contribution to GDP, employment, exports, etc.; b. Comparing the extent to which the small firm sector’s economic contribution has changed over time; c. Applying the statistical definition in a cross-country comparison of the small firms’ economic contribution. Thus, the Bolton Committee employed different definitions of the small firm to different sectors. 2.2.1 Criticism of the Bolton Committee’s â€Å"Economic† Definition of SMEs A number of weaknesses were identified with the Bolton Committee’s â€Å"economic† and `statistical’ definitions. First, the economic definition which states that a small business is managed by its owners or part owners in a personalized way, and not through the medium of a formal management structure, is incompatible with its statistical definition of small manufacturing firms which could have up to 200 employees. As firm size increases, owners no longer make principal decisions but devolve responsibility to a team of managers. For example, it is unlikely for a firm with hundred employees to be managed in a personalized way, suggesting that the `economic’ and `statistical’ definitions are incompatible. Another shortcoming of the Bolton Committee’s economic definition is that it considers small firms to be operating in a perfectly competitive market. However, the idea of perfect competition may not apply here; many small firms occupy `niches’ and provide a highly specialized service or product in a geographically isolated area and do not perceive any clear competition (Wynarczyk et al, 1993; Storey, 1994). Alternatively, Wynarczyk et al (1993) identified the characteristics of the small firm other than size. They argued that there are three ways of differentiating between small and large firms. The small firm has to deal with: (a) Uncertainty associated with being a price taker; (b) Limited customer and product base; (c) Uncertainty associated with greater diversity of objectives as compared with large firms. As Storey (1994) stated, there are three key distinguishing features between large and small firms. Firstly, the greater external uncertainty of the environment in which the small firm operates and the greater internal consistency of its motivations and actions. Secondly, they have a different role in innovation. Small firms are able to produce something marginally different, in terms of product or service, which differs from the standardized product or service provided by large firms. A third area of distinction between small and large firms is the greater likelihood of evolution and change in the smaller firm; small firms that become large undergo a number of stage changes. 2.2.2 Criticism of the Bolton Committee’s â€Å"Statistical† Definition of SMEs (i) No single definition or criteria was used for â€Å"smallness†, (number of employees, turnover, ownership and assets were used instead) (ii) Three different upper limits of turnover were specified for the different sectors and two different upper limits were identified for number of employees. (iii) Comparing monetary units over time requires construction of index numbers to take account of price changes. Moreover, currency fluctuations make international comparison more difficult. (iv) The definition considered the small firm sector to be homogeneous; however, firms may grow from small to medium and in some cases to large. It was against this background that the European Commission (EC) coined the term `Small and Medium Enterprises (SME)’. The SME sector is made up of three components: (i) Firms with 0 to 9 employees micro enterprises (ii) 10 to 99 employees small enterprises (iii) 100 to 499 employees medium enterprises. Thus, the SME sector is comprised of enterprises, which employ less than 500 workers. In effect, the EC definitions are based solely on employment rather than a multiplicity of criteria. Secondly, the use of 100 employees as the small firm’s upper limit is more appropriate given the increase in productivity over the last two decades (Storey, 1994). Finally, the EC definition did not assume the SME group is homogenous, that is, the definition makes a distinction between micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises. However, the EC definition is too all embracing for a number of countries. Researchers would have to use definitions for small firms that are more appropriate to their particular `target’ group (an operational definition). It must be emphasized that debates on definitions turn out to be sterile unless size is a factor that influences performance. For instance, the relationship between size and performance matters when assessing the impact of a credit programme o n a targeted group (also refer to Storey, 1994). 2.2.3 Alternative Definitions of SMEs World Bank since 1976 Firms with fixed assets (excluding land) less than US$ 250,000 in value are Small Scale Enterprises. Grindle et al (1988) Small scale enterprises are firms with less than or equal to 25 permanent members and with fixed assets (excludingland) worth up to US$ 50,000. USAID in the 1990s Firms with less than 50 employees and at least half the output is sold (also refer to Mead, 1984). UNIDO’s Definition for Developing Countries: Large firms with 100+ workers Medium firms with 20 99 workers Small firms with 5 19 workers Micro firms with 5 workers UNIDO’s Definition for Industrialized Countries: Large firms with 500+ workers Medium firms with 100 499 workers Small firms with ≠¤99 workers From the various definitions above, it can be said that there is no unique definition for a small and medium scale enterprise thus, an operational definition is required. 2.2.4 Definitions SMEs in Ghana Small Scale enterprises have been variously defined, but the most commonly used criterion is the number of employees of the enterprise. In applying this definition, confusion often arises in respect of the arbitrariness and cut off points used by the various official sources. As contained in its Industrial Statistics, The Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) considers firms with less than 10 employees as Small Scale Enterprises and their counterparts with more than 10 employees as Medium and Large-Sized Enterprises. Ironically, The GSS in its national accounts considered companies with up to 9 employees as Small and Medium Enterprises (Kayanula and Quartey, 2000). An alternate criterion used in defining small and medium enterprises is the value of fixed assets in the organization. However, the National Board of Small Scale Industries (NBSSI) in Ghana applies both the `fixed asset and number of employees’ criteria. It defines a Small Scale Enterprise as one with not more than 9 workers, has plant and machinery (excluding land, buildings and vehicles) not exceeding 10 million Cedis (US$ 9506, using 1994 exchange rate) (Kayanula and Quartey, 2000). The Ghana Enterprise Development Commission (GEDC) on the other hand uses a 10 million Cedis upper limit definition for plant and machinery. A point of caution is that the process of valuing fixed assets in itself poses a problem. Secondly, the continuous depreciation in the exchange rate often makes such definitions out-dated (Kayanula and Quartey, 2000). Steel and Webster (1990), Osei et al (1993) in defining Small Scale Enterprises in Ghana used an employment cut off point of 30 employees to indicate Small Scale Enterprises. The latter however dis-aggregated small scale enterprises into 3 categories: (i) micro -employing less than 6 people; (ii) very small, those employing 6-9 people; (iii) small -between 10 and 29 employees. 2.3 Why Small and Medium Scale Enterprises? The choice of small and medium scale enterprises within the industrial sector for this study is based on the following propositions (Kayanula and Quartey, 2000). (a) Large Scale Industry (i) Have not been an engine of growth and a good provider of employment; (ii) Already receive enormous support through general trade, finance, tax policy and direct subsidies; (b) Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (i) Mobilize funds which otherwise would have been idle; (ii) Have been recognized as a seed-bed for indigenous entrepreneurship; (iii) Are labour intensive, employing more labour per unit of capital than large enterprises; (iv) Promote indigenous technological know-how; (vii) Are able to compete (but behind protective barriers); (viii) Use mainly local resources, thus have less foreign exchange requirements; (ix) Cater for the needs of the poor and; (x) Adapt easily to customer requirements (flexible specialization), (Kayanula and Quartey, 2000). 2.4.0 The Role and Characteristics of SMEs 2.4.1 Role of SMEs in Developing Countries Small-scale rural and urban enterprises have been one of the major areas of concern to many policy makers in an attempt to accelerate the rate of growth in low income countries. These enterprises have been recognized as the engines through which the growth objectives of developing countries can be achieved. They are potential sources of employment and income in many developing countries. It is estimated that SMEs employ 22% of the adult population in developing countries (Daniels Ngwira, 1992; Daniels Fisseha, 1993; Fisseha, 1992; Fisseha McPherson, 1991; Gallagher Robson, 1995). However, some authors have contended that the job creating impact of small scale enterprises is a statistical flaw; it does not take into account offsetting factors that make the net impact more modest (Biggs, Grindle Snodgrass, 1988). It is argued that increases in employment of Small and Medium Enterprises are not always associated with increases in productivity. Nevertheless, the important role performed by these enterprises cannot be overlooked. Small firms have some advantages over their large-scale competitors. They are able to adapt more easily to market conditions given their broadly skilled technologies. However, narrowing the analysis down to developing countries raises the following puzzle: Do small-scale enterprises have a dynamic economic role? Due to their flexible nature, SMEs are able to withstand adverse economic conditions. They are more labour intensive than larger firms and therefore, have lower capital costs associated with job creation (Anheier Seibel, 1987; Liedholm Mead, 1987; Schmitz, 1995). Small-scale enterprises (SSEs) perform useful roles in ensuring income stability, growth and employment. Since SMEs are labour intensive, they are more likely to succeed in smaller urban centres and rural areas, where they can contribute to the more even distribution of economic activity in a region and can help to slow the flow of migration to large cities. Because of their regional dispersion and their labour intensity, it is argued that small-scale production units can promote a more equitable distribution of income than large firms. They also improve the efficiency of domestic markets and make productive use of scarce resources, thus, facilitating long term economic growth. 2.4.2 Characteristics of SMEs in Ghana A distinguishing feature of SMEs from larger firms is that the latter have direct access to international and local capital markets whereas the former are excluded because of the higher intermediation costs of smaller projects. In addition, SMEs face the same fixed cost as Large Scale Enterprises (LSEs) in complying with regulations but have limited capacity to market products abroad. SMEs in Ghana can be categorised into urban and rural enterprises. The former can be sub-divided into `organised’ and `unorganised’ enterprises. The organised ones tend to have paid employees with a registered office whereas the unorganised category is mainly made up of artisans who work in open spaces, temporary wooden structures, or at home and employ little or in some cases no salaried workers. They rely mostly on family members or apprentices. Rural enterprises are largely made up of family groups, individual artisans, women engaged in food production of local crops. The major activities within this sector include:- soap and detergents, fabrics, clothing and tailoring, textile and leather, village blacksmiths, tin-smithing, ceramics, timber and mining, beverages, food processing, bakeries, wood furniture, electronic assembly, agro processing, chemical based products and mechanics ( Liedholm Mead, 1987; Osei et al, 1993, World Bank, 1992). It is interesting to note that small-scale enterprises make better use of scarce resources than large-scale enterprises. Research in Ghana and many other countries have shown that capital productivity is often higher in SMEs than is the case with LSEs (Steel, 1977). The reason for this is not difficult to see, SMEs are labour intensive with very small amount of capital invested. Thus, they tend to witness high capital productivity, which is an economically sound investment. Thus, it has been argued that promoting the SME sector in developing countries will create more employment opportunities, lead to a more equitable distribution of income, and will ensure increased productivity with better technology (Steel Webster, 1990). 2.5 SME Approaches There are several approaches or theories to entrepreneurship and small and medium enterprises. For the purpose of this study, the research team will dwell on three major theories. These include: venture opportunity, Agency Theory and Theory of Equity Funds 2.5.1 The Venture Opportunity The venture opportunity school of thought focuses on the opportunity aspect of venture development. The search for idea sources, the development of concepts; and the implementation of venture opportunities are the important interest areas for this school. Creativity and market awareness are viewed as essential. Additionally, according to this school of thought, developing the right idea at the right time for the right market niche is the key to entrepreneurial success. Major proponents include: N Krueger 1993, Long W. McMullan 1984. Another development from this school of thought is what is described by McMullan (1984) as â€Å"corridor principle’’. This principle outlines that, giving prior attention to new pathways or opportunities as they arise and implementing the necessary steps for action are key factors in business development. The maxim that â€Å"preparation meeting opportunity, equals â€Å"luck† underlines this corridor principle. Proponents of this school of thought believe that proper preparation in the interdisciplinary business segments will enhance the ability to recognise good venture opportunities. Comparing the study with the above theory, the question that arises is: What are the factors or opportunities that have led to the proliferation of small and medium scale enterprises in Medina Township? Is it due to a particular market niche, creativity or market awareness? If so, then what socio-economic impact do they have on the people of Medina Township? 2.5.2 Agency Theory Agency theory deals with the people who own a business enterprise and all others who have interests in it, for example managers, banks, creditors, family members, and employees. The agency theory postulates that the day to day running of a business enterprise is carried out by managers as agents who have been engaged by the owners of the business as principals who are also known as shareholders. The theory is on the notion of the principle of two-sided transactions which holds that any financial transactions involves two parties, both acting in their own best interests, but with different expectations. Major proponents of this theory include: Eisenhardt 1989, Emery et al.1991 and JH Davis – 1997. These Proponents of agency theory assume that agents will always have a personal interest which conflicts the interest of the principal. This is usually referred to as the Agency problem. 2.5.3 Theory of Equity Funds Equity is also known as owners equity, capital, or net worth. Costand et al (1990) suggests that larger firms will use greater levels of debt financing than small firms. This implies that larger firms will rely relatively less on equity financing than do smaller firms’. According to the pecking order framework, the small enterprises have two problems when it comes to equity funding [McMahon et al. (1993, pp153)]: 1) Small enterprises usually do not have the option of issuing additional equity to the public. 2) Owner-managers are strongly averse to any dilution of their ownership interest and control. This way they are unlike the managers of large concerns who usually have only a limited degree of control and limited, if any, ownership interest, and are therefore prepared to recognize a broader range of funding options. Modern financial management is not the ultimate answer to every whim and caprice. However, it could be argued that there is some food for thought for SMEs concerning every concept. For example Access to Capital is really eye-opener for SMEs in Ghana to carve their way into sustaining their growth. 2.6 Policies for Promoting SMEs in Ghana Small-scale enterprise promotion in Ghana was not impressive in the 1960s. Dr. Nkrumah (President of the First Republic) in his modernization efforts emphasized state participation but did not encourage the domestic indigenous sector. The local entrepreneurship was seen as a potential political threat. To worsen the situation, the deterioration in the Balance of Payments in the 1980s and the overvaluation of the exchange rate led to reduce capacity utilization in the import dependent large-scale sector. Rising inflation and falling real wages also forced many formal sector employees into secondary self-employment in an attempt to earn a decent income. As the economy declined, large-scale manufacturing employment stagnated (Kayanula and Quartey, 2000). According to Steel and Webster (1991), small scale and self-employment grew by 2.9% per annum (ten times as many jobs as large scale employment) but their activities accounted for only a third of the value added. It was in the light of the above that the government of Ghana started promoting small-scale enterprises. They were viewed as the mechanism through which a transition from state-led economy to a private oriented developmental strategy could be achieved. Thus the SME sector’s role was re-defined to include the following (Kayanula and Quartey, 2000): (i) Assisting the state in reducing its involvement in direct production (ii) Absorbing labour from the state sector, given the relatively labour intensive nature of small scale enterprises, and; (iii) Developing indigenous entrepreneurial and managerial skills needed for sustained industrialization. 2.6.1 Government and Institutional Support to SMEs To enable the sector perform its role effectively, the following technical, institutional and financial supports were put in place by government. (i) Government Government, in an attempt to strengthen the response of the private sector to economic reforms undertook a number of measures in 1992. Prominent among them is the setting up of the Private Sector Advisory Group and the abolition of the Manufacturing Industries Act, 1971 (Act 356) that repealed a number of price control laws, and The Investment Code of 1985 (PNDC Law 116), which seeks to promote joint ventures between foreign and local investors. In addition to the above, a Legislative Instrument on Immigrant Quota, which grants automatic immigrant quota for investors, has been enacted. Besides, certain Technology Transfer Regulations have been introduced. Government also provided equipment leasing, an alternative and flexible source of long term financing of plant and equipment for enterprises that cannot afford their own. A Mutual Credit Guarantee Scheme was also set up for entrepreneurs who have inadequate or no collateral and has limited access to bank credit. To complement these efforts, a Rural Finance Project aimed at providing long-term credit to small-scale farmers and artisans was set up. In 1997, government proposed the establishment of an Export Development and Investment Fund (EDIF), operational under the Exim Guarantee Company Scheme of the Bank of Ghana. This was in aid of industrial and export services within the first quarter of 1998. To further improve the industrial sector, according to the 1998 Budget Statement, specific attention was to be given to the following industries for support in accessing the EDIF for rehabilitation and retooling: Textiles/Garments; Wood and Wood Processing; Food and Food Processing and Packaging. It was also highlighted that government would support industries with export potential to overcome any supply-based difficulty by accessing EDIF and rationalize the tariff regime in a bid to improve their export competitiveness. In addition, a special monitoring mechanism has been developed at the Ministry of Trade and Industries. In a bid to improve trade and investment, particularly in the industrial sector, trade and investment facilitating measures were put in place. Visas for all categories of investors and tourists were issued on arrival at the ports of entry while the Customs Excise and Preventive Service at the ports were made proactive, operating 7-days a week. The government continued supporting programmes aimed at skills training, registration and placement of job seekers, training and re-training of redeployees. This resulted in a 5% rise in enrolment in the various training institutes such as The National Vocational and Training Institute (NVTI), Opportunity Industrialization Centres (OIC), etc. As at the end of 1997, 65,830 out of 72,000 redeployees who were re-trained under master craftsmen have been provided with tools and have become self-employed. (ii) Institutions The idea of SME promotion has been in existence since 1970 though very little was done at the time. Key institutions were set up to assist SMEs and prominent among them was The Office of Business Promotion, now the present Ghana Enterprise Development Commission (GEDC). It aims at assisting Ghanaian businessmen to enter into fields where foreigners mainly operated but which became available to Ghanaians after the ‘Alliance Compliance Order’ in 1970. GEDC also had packages for strengthening small-scale industry in general, both technically and financially. The Economic Recovery Programme instituted in 1983 has broadened the institutional support for SMEs. The National Board for Small Scale Industries (NBSSI) has been established within the then Ministry of Industry, Science and Technology now (Ministry of Science and Technology) to address the needs of small businesses. The NBSSI established an Entrepreneurial Development Programme, intended to train and assist persons with entrepreneurial abilities into self-employment. In 1987, the industrial sector also witnessed the coming into operation of the Ghana Appropriate Technology Industrial Service (GRATIS). It was to supervise the operations of Intermediate Technology Transfer Units (ITTUs) in the country. GRATIS aims at upgrading small scale industrial concerns by transferring appropriate technology to small scale and informal industries at the grass root level. ITTUs in the regions are intended to develop the engineering abilities of small scale manufacturing and service industries engaged in vehicle repairs and other related trades. They are also to address the needs of non-engineering industries. So far, 6 ITTUs have been set up in Cape Coast, Ho, Kumasi, Sunyani, Tamale and Tema. (iii) Financial Assistance Access to credit has been one of the main bottlenecks to SME development. Most SMEs lack the necessary collateral to obtain bank loans. To address this issue, the Central Bank of Ghana has established a credit guarantee scheme to underwrite loans made by Commercial Banks to small-scale enterprises. Unfortunately, the scheme did not work out as expected. It was against this background that the Bank of Ghana obtained a US$ 28 million credit from the International Development Association (IDA) of the World Bank for the establishment of a Fund for Small and Medium Enterprises Development (FUSMED). Under the Programme of Action to Mitigate the Social Cost of Adjustment (PAMSCAD), a revolving fund of US$ 2 million was set aside to assist SMEs. This aspect is too scanty in the midst of the abundant information, especially with reference to Ghana. 2.7 Gender and Small Business Performance Until more recently gender differences in small business performance remained largely unaddressed by social scientists (Greene, Hart, Gatewood, Brush, Carter, 2003). The majority of studies either disregarded gender as a variable of interest or excluded female subjects from their design (Du Rietz Henrekson, 2000). However, it is generally accepted that male and female owner-managers behave differently and that these behavioral differences influence their performance (Brush, 1992), but these differences have been recognized but not fully explained (Brush Hisrich 2000). A comparison of performance of male and female owner-managers in Java, Indonesia showed that female-owned businesses tend to be less oriented towards growth compared to male-owned businesses (Singh, Reynolds, Muhammad, 2001). Boden Nucci (2000) investigated start-ups in the retail and service industries and found that the mean survival rate for male owned businesses was four to six percent higher than for female owned businesses. Loscocco, Robinson, Hall Allen (1991) in their study of small businesses in the New England region of the USA found that both sales volume and income levels were lower for female- than for male-owned businesses. In a longitudinal study of 298 small firms in the United Kingdom (UK), of which 67 were female owned, Johnson Storey (1994) observed that whilst female owner-managers had more stable enterprises than their male counterparts, on average the sales turnover for female owners were lower than for male owners. Brush (1992) suggests that women perform less on quantitative financial measures such as jobs created, sales turnover and profitability because they pursue intrinsic goals such as independence, and the flexibility to combine family and work commitments rather than financial gain. In contrast to the above findings, Du Rietz and Henrekson (2000) reported that female-owned businesses were just as successful as their male counterparts when size and sector are controlled. In his study of small and medium firms in Australia, Watson (2002), after controlling for the effect of industry sector, age of the business, and the number of days of operation, also reported no significant differences in performance between the male- controlled and female-controlled firms.

Essay --

In this essay I would like to reflect what I have personally learn more about Thai culture from my intercultural interaction with a Thai person as well as through my in depth reading about Thai culture and history. Thai culture characteristics, behaviors, and values share many similarities and differences with my Taiwanese culture. The person who I interviewed with had given me a great insight into Thai way of thinking and ways of life. Although I have been living in Thai for so many years, but with my Taiwanese upbringing culture I have learn some of the prominent Thai culture, believes, values, and characteristics to be too difficult to understand. In this essay, you will find discussion and examples of Thai prominent cultures, values, believe and Thai historical events and people who had played a great role in changing Thais ways of life. Next, follow by the discussion of Taiwanese culture and Thai culture in comparison and contrast. In the end of the essay, I will propose some of the ways I believe can help to cope with some of Thais cultural shocks. When looking at a broad picture of Thai nation, one can easily identified that Thai is a agricultural society. Rice is what Thai people eat on the daily basis. Yet, Thailand is one of the world biggest exporters in rice product. There is also a saying in Thailand that, â€Å"Farmer is the backbone of the nation.† Here, farmers is not actually the ‘backbone’ or the physical backbone of Thai nation, but backbone in this phrase metaphor the crucial organ in the person body to survive. This shows that Thailand rely heavily on agriculture product and activities. Believe and activities in relation to the agricultural background of Thais, including worshiping â€Å"Pra-mae-po-sop† (Goddess of R... ...s to show friendliness. It is as though strangers are accepted as member of the kin group. Since I am a Taiwanese living in Thailand for so many year, I know some of the ways to cope with these cultural shocks. Here, I would like to suggest you can handle cultural shock in Thai culture. People of different culture may had experience frustration, confusion, tension, or even embarrassment when encounter with another culture. There are two choices you can to can choose from: one is try to observe, listen, inquire which can result in understanding . Another is criticize, rationalize, and withdraw which can result in alienation and isolation. However, some may choose other alternatives such as by gathering information and learn about new culture as much as possible. Second, is to make socio-cultural adjustments. And third is adapting , sharing, experiencing and enjoy.

In the Lake of the Woods Essay Essay

â€Å"In the Lake of the Woods† is a non-linear novel by Tim O’ Brien that consists of the themes trauma and insecurity. The protagonist of the text, John Wade is driven into insanity due to his fear of losing the love of his life, Kathy. Throughout the novel, john Wade’s secrets are exposed to the world, this being the reason that ended his career as a politician, which was the final push towards his madness. Wade was not only affected by his shattering moment in his career, but his childhood and experiences of war in Vietnam left him traumatized and feeling unworthy of love. John begins to crave love at an early stage I his life, after he meets Kathy he develops an obsession for her and becomes dependent on her love. He faces many issues with Kathy, trust being the main one; this could potentially be the reason for John’s breakdown of sanity. Although Kathy played a large role in his life and downfall, there was a whole other range of factors that took p art in his fall to insanity. John Wade started off his career with a goal in mind, to become something important in the political world. As he progressed through his career, he became aware of the fact that his past could ruin what he was currently building. Wade, as a child learnt to deal with his problems by bottling them up and pretending nothing had happened â€Å"this could not have happened. Therefore it did not† John believes that if he lies to himself, and continuously blocks out memories of his dirty past, he would be safe from the secrets. His method did not serve to his likings, as his secrets were exposed to the world despite John’s lies to himself. The secrets of his partaking in the massacre of â€Å"Thuan Yen† were exposed during his election, which proved to be a â€Å"career ender†. John used his career as a politician to gain the love and affection he so deeply desired. Growing up, he didn’t receive the love he craved, â€Å"you show me a politician and Iâ₠¬â„¢ll show you an unhappy childhood.† John losing the election was essentially the loss of his source of love and his sense of power and control. This potentially drove John into insanity. As a child, John Wade suffered. He loved his father but didn’t receive any affection in return. His father continuously teased john, referring to him as â€Å"jiggling john†. This makes John feel that if his own father could not love him, then he was unworthy of love itself. At the young age of fourteen, John’s father committed suicide. This traumatized john and led to his â€Å"desire to kill† the night of his fathers funeral. He wanted â€Å"to kill his father for dying† John was clearly angered by his father’s death, but instead of venting his anger in a healthy way, he pretended it didn’t happen, â€Å"It was pretending, but the pretending helped†. As John grew older he enrolled with the army to fight in the Vietnam War. He was registered with a group called â€Å"Charlie company† Unfortunately, John was involved in the massacre of â€Å"thuan yen†, where he witnessed murder, torture and had a first hand experience in taking two lives, one being his mate PFC weatherby. This came back to John as nightmares and flashbacks. He tried to forget and pretend it didn’t happen but it all came back to him during his slumbers, the memories and guilt wil l always be with john, in some way. The failed politician met Kathy in â€Å"the autumn of 1966† at the university of Minnesota. John’s obsession is evident from the very moment he meets Kathy. He is in love with her, and the â€Å"trick† is to â€Å"make her love him and never stop†. John treats life as a magic show, growing up, magic was his only friend, it gave him a sense of power, happiness and was the only thing going right in his life, as an adult John continues to use tricks to solve all of his problems. John, in a sense, manipulates Kathy and develops a fixation on her and doesn’t stop at anything to find out everything about her life. His urgency comes from fear; he doesn’t want to lose her. After his father committed suicide and in a way, abandoned John, he feels that at any moment Kathy can just get up and leave. Kathy had a tendency to â€Å"simply vanish†. She is â€Å"fiercely independent† which intimidated john because he felt that Kathy was too go od for him. John genuinely loves Kathy, but the way he represents their love is alarming; he compared their love to a pair of snakes he’s seen along a trail near Pinkville, â€Å"each snake eating the other’s tail, a bizarre circle of appetites that brought the heads closer and closer† â€Å"That’s how our love feels†. This image, along with his desire â€Å"crawl inside her belly indicates a love that is both obsessive and destructive. His need to control and ‘consume’ Kathy dictates how his obsession for his wife leads to the loss of his sanity. Although John’s fear of losing Kathy is a main part of his downfall, there is a whole range of factors that lead to his mental breakdown. His fear of losing his wife all trails back to his childhood, where his first traumatizing experience takes place. When the fourteen year Old’s father died, he was not hurt in a ‘normal’ way, It seems almost as if john missed the concept of having a father figure rather then his actual father. This becomes clearer when john remembers an idolized and great version of his father unlike the real one, who was â€Å"continuously teasing† John and suffered from alcoholism. John begins his life of pretence from this moment on thinking the pretending â€Å"would help†. As Wade develops into an adult, his ways never seem to change. During his time served in the Vietnam War, John is better known as â€Å"sorcerer† because of his magic tricks and deceit to the rest of his fellow soldiers. John, having started ma gic from a young age, continues to use it in his adulthood, providing him with a sense of control and power and during the time was fulfilling his craving for love. John takes part in a horrific act of massacring in â€Å"Thuan yen† where he kills two human lives, and watches his fellow soldiers in â€Å"Charlie company† murder numerous people. This comes back to traumatize and haunt John, as Post traumatic stress disorder tends to do, it came back as flashbacks and nightmares. His infatuation with Kathy was a major part in John’s demise; however, the various other components in the novel prove to have had an effect on his sanity.