Strategic leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Strategic leadership - Essay Example Essentially the level to which an organization can develop effective consensus, manage the transformations and sustain commitment will count a lot on the success or failure of any enterprise (Hiatt & Creasey, 2003). According to Balogun (2008) the formulation of all changes in the organization is critical components of any program to support the employees of that particular organization and the organization itself. Balogun reviews the three main elements of any organizational change. Namely: the reason behind the change, what exactly should be included in the change and the process of change (2008). The reasons behind change include those that are social, economical, cultural, political, capabilities, structural and competitive environment in which the organization operates. He says the organization has an inner context and an outer one and all of them affect the organizations operations. The culture, structure and the capabilities comprise of the inner context that affects the organ ization directly. The external is the market under which it operates: the competitiveness and the country’s political strategies (Combat Poverty Agency, 1993). This affects the organization indirectly, and many a times they got lots of weight. When Mike took over from Lee, he needed change nothing structurally from the company. He actually moved in to the same old office and retained the furniture and carpet. He explains that the organization is flexible to the changing world in terms of its employee’s capabilities and in terms of its economy (Walton, 2009). Some of the factors that ensure the company runs consistently and efficiently, include its workers who are keen on ensuring that they work towards a goal, the goal being attaining its returns upon investment. The company can motivate its workers by giving them incentives or by creating an opportunity for them to be out in the fields to create bigger sales. Either way, it can ensure that they interact with customers on a personal level to ensure they give more information to them concerning their products. How the company relates to a customer, should be based on whether a customer is regular or irregular. How they are treated, gives them the need to be back again and again. The company’s capital also drives the process of expansion efficiently. The company stepped up to buy technology during Mike’s leadership to assist in leadership (Walton, 2009). Advanced technology boosts the company’s sales. It’s through this that customers will get to know more about the company. The advertisement the company makes to sell its range of products and services

Psychology of Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Psychology of Diversity - Essay Example Illinois law severely restricted African-Americans rights and liberties. This law demanded that all African-Americans settling in the state to produce a certificate of freedom. Blacks found without certificates were to be advertised in newspapers and hired out for a year. Free blacks could not testify against whites in court. Amidst of all such human right violations, some of the blacks found ways to make their marks in Illinois by acquiring land. The life of black women was doubly burdened by their race and their sex. Free blacks, who purchased their freedom from their masters, began to found new organizations and they joined hands with white abolitionists in the fight against slavery. But even those white abolitionists discriminated them from such activities. The blacks were tortured not only physically but mentally as well by publishing cruel cartoons describing the physical features of the blacks. Despite these considerable handicaps, African-Americans became the most significant Americans by the 1850s. The white American political system, that had so effectively marginalized them found itself quite unable to resolve the question of blacks political, social, and economic standing. The result was Civil War. The actions of President James Buchanan and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Roger Taney to establish white supremacy and were brought immense protests from the blacks, and brought leaders like Abraham Lincoln into action. Lincoln, despite his reservations about the workings of immediate black social equality and other concessions to American societys prevailing racial prejudice, boldly argued that blacks, as much as whites, deserved the Declaration of Independences fundamental freedoms of "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness†, which led to the Civil War and catapulted Abraham Lincoln from relative obscurity to the Presidents chair in 1861. (Drew E. VandeCre ek, Ph.D) In this article the author has concentrated more on the slavery existed

Emerging Markets Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Emerging Markets Finance - Essay Example It is only recently tht ttempts hve been mde, s in Ghosh nd Ghosh (2002) nd Mulder et l. (2002), to incorporte institutions more systemticlly into erly-wrning systems. But this hs just strted nd systemtic wy in which to model the crisis-relevnt institutionl setting hs not yet been found. Erly-wrning models focussing solely on CEECs hve completely neglected institutionl fctors. Generlly, empiricl studies on CEECs re scrce, despite the specil importnce of detecting vulnerbilities not only in the run-up to the CEECs' membership of the EU, but especilly lter on during ERM II prticiption. This pper discusses the importnce of infltion nd currency stbility s the wy of the economy development of emerging countries. The pper is structured s follows. First, look is tken t the theoreticl pproches dopted to explin currency crises nd the importnce of infltion nd currency stbility on the development of emerging economies. This prt prticulrly seeks to show the chnnels through which institutions cn influence country's vulnerbility to currency crises. In the second section, n econometric logit model is used to exmine the extent to which institutionl fctors cn serve s erly-wrning indictors for currency crises in Estern Europe. Recent yers hve witnessed d... Such low levels of infltion hve not been seen since before World Wr II, when, mostly tinder the discipline of the gold stndrd system of fixed exchnge rtes, prices were roughly stble nd episodes of defltion were not uncommon. The recent decline of infltion in emerging mrkets looks ll the more impressive ginst the bckground of the 11970s nd 1980s. Infltion begn to rise grdully in the 1950s, but it ccelerted drmticlly in the 1970s nd erly 1980s, culminting in severl episodes of triple-digit nnul infltion nd four mjor hyperinfltions in the lte 1980s/erly 1990s. From tht point on, disinfltion ws steep. This rise nd fll of infltion in emerging mrkets ppers to reflect in prt chnges in the interntionl monetry system nd infltion trends in dvnced countries. One notble feture of the post-World Wr II period ws n increse in infltion persistence compred with erlier historicl ers, when infltion ws either generlized nd grdul (e.g., following the gold discoveries of the fifteenth through the nineteenth century), or rpid nd specific, reflecting exceptionl fiscl strins (s during or immeditely fter wrs). This grdul increse in the persistence of infltion, combined with the brekup of the Bretton Woods interntionl system of commodity-bsed money nd the ssocited removl of externl constrints on ccommodtive monetry policies, mde it possible for the supply shocks of the 1970s to push world infltion to unprecedented pecetime levels, producing the "Gret Infltion" of the 1970s nd erly 1980s. To the extent tht emerging mrkets imported this infltion, loosened fiscl policies, nd lso dopted incresingly ccommodt ive monetry policies during the period, these externl trends were

The Life of Oliver Cromwell Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Life of Oliver Cromwell - Research Paper Example Cromwell became Cambridge’s Member of Parliament, in 1628. However, he did not make any significant development, during his tenure as a member of parliament. This is because his tenure did not last long when Charles I dissolved parliament and ruled alone for 11 years before the Bishops of the Scott forced him to recall parliament due to lack of money (Carlyle & Sanderson 67). Cromwell returned to parliament and served only for three weeks as a member of parliament for Cambridge. This was called â€Å"the short parliament† because it existed for only three weeks. A long-term parliament was elected that same year and Cromwell returned as a member for Cambridge. He was forced to table ridiculous petitions before the house such as that of the release of John Liburne, who was arrested for importing religious tracts from Holland, because he owed his position to the elite, in parliament. Cromwell also linked himself to a religious group, which contained members from both the H ouse of Lords and House of Commons. On behalf of this religious group, he also tabled a motion for the abolition of episcopacy, which was called the â€Å"Root and Branch Bill† (Carlyle & Sanderson 76).The only experience Cromwell had in relation to military matters was the band training. However, he recruited his own cavalry troop and blocked a valuable silver shipment that was meant for the king. This was after his troop gained a lot of recognition and was formally incorporated into the formal army. to form part of the Eastern Association during the winter (Gardiner 8). Cromwell continued to gain a lot of experience by winning a few battles such as the battle of Gainsborough, which made him appointed as the governor of Ely and colonel of the Eastern Association. He entered the English civil war on the side of the parliamentarians who were nicknamed the â€Å"Old Ironsides† or â€Å"Roundheads† to become one of the principle commanders, in the New Model Army (B ritannica Concise Encyclopedia). Here, he played a significant role in the defeat of the royalist forces at the battle of Marston Moor. Cromwell’s military strategies though he had not undergone through any form of training were exemplary. His ability to train and lead his men and the invention of the close order military formation with his troops riding knee to knee made it more difficult for opponents to penetrate them (Carlyle & Sanderson 46).

Education in China and America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Education in China and America - Essay Example Literacy can be achieved through many ways which some include cultural, visual, internet, and information. Although many people in the society lack literacy skills, literacy remains an elusive target to all people. This paper discusses in depth about the difference between China education and American education. Although China has a high population, it has managed to excel in its basic education. It is depicted that China attaches a great significance to education. Education remains the first priority in China. Chinese high schools differ immensely with American high schools primarily in structure. An American school day tends to be shorter compared to a Chinese school day. Scholarly research denotes that American students spend only seven hours in school during the weekdays whereas as a Chinese student, I used to spend stay in school spending most of my time studying at times even until 10.00 at night. The class structure too varies between the two countries. In contrast to the Chin ese system where students remain in the same room all day, the teachers rotating in and out, the American students have each class in a different classroom with different classmates unlike Chinese students who have a set of the same classmates all day. This becomes advantageous to the students since the students are able to form a strong social bond between each other. I could have the same classmates even for the whole grade division. This made us live as a family like brothers and sisters. The two countries portray a different system of grade division. In essence, America’s most common system starts with kindergarten then proceeds to fifth grade as elementary school, sixth through eighth grade as junior high school, and ultimately ninth through twelfth grade as high school. In contrast to the American system, Chinese system begins with kindergarten through the sixth grade called the elementary school and finally the seventh grade through the twelfth grade, which is called t he middle school. The two countries differ in the way information passes from the teachers to the students. America always prefers a high personal expression. Most of the classes entirely revolve around discussion materials where the teacher expects the students to engage in dialogues. American education encourages classroom participation that contributes greatly to the performance of the students. In China, teachers do not put much emphasis on class discussions. As a Chinese student, observed the quietness in the room as the teacher came and lectured as we all listened. This reduces the teacher-student relationship since it was very rare to find a student engaging in a talk with the teacher. Some students even went to an extent of fearing the teacher. The students maintain respect amongst themselves and their teachers. The classroom is quiet as compared to the American classroom that is noisy and boisterous. Chinese classrooms emphasize on a more formal atmosphere compared to the A merican classrooms. American education always lays its basis on technology. It is depicted that in America, the progress in the field of technology and knowledge occupy’s about three-quarter of their productivity output. Unlike American education

Since most people prefer to be involved in decisions concerning their Essay

Since most people prefer to be involved in decisions concerning their jobs, a participative style of leadership will always be m - Essay Example Directive leadership is often more autocratic whilst participative leadership deals more with consensus and direct stakeholder involvement in decision-making processes. In the organisational environment, some cultures and individual employee profiles will require a more directive leadership style in order to ensure compliance and goal-attainment. In a more decentralised organisation, more participative leadership is usually the method of leadership that will attain the most positive performance results. It has been said, however, that since the majority of workers want to be involved in organisational decision-making, then the participative style of leadership will be more effective than directive style. Evidence, however, somewhat refutes this notion, suggesting that both styles have practically equal probability of being effective so long as they are utilised properly and in a suitable organisational environment. Both styles are highly dependent on organisational culture, employee attitude and motivational capacity and organisational structure in order to achieve effective leadership outcomes. Participative versus directive leadership styles Participative leadership involves processes and procedures that tend to open communication channels with employees to gain their input in decision-making (Mullins 2005). The four stages of participative leadership are gaining consensus, consulting with important internal stakeholder, delegating responsibilities, and active involvement by key organisational actors (Mullins 2005). Thus, participative leadership is closely related to transformational leadership style, a style in which the leader acts as a teacher, mentor, and also opens lines of communications with employees where vision and mission are continuously reiterated (Fairholm 2009). Managers using participative style often will use charismatic, psycho-socially-based principles of leadership to gain long-term commitment and dedicated followership. Directive leaders hip is more arbitrary, focusing less on relationship development with employees and more on establishing order through controls or the development of transactional philosophy. Transactional leadership is establishing rewards based strictly on performance where low-performance reprimands are established for failing to meet organisational objectives or project goals. Directive style of leadership establishes specific job role responsibilities and then motivating performance of employees through routine evaluations and serving as a figure in the environment to ensure that compliance to procedure and goals is being accomplished by individuals or teams. Having defined both leadership styles and their differences, both can be properly explored to determine their potential success ratios when utilised in different organisational environments and cultures. In order to understand fully the style of leadership that will be most effective, it is necessary to examine existing research findings on participative versus directive leadership. Gill, Flaschner and Shachar (2006) identified that participative leadership style has a direct relationship with improved employee dedication, job satisfaction and reduced job burnout. Why is this necessarily? Participative lea

Childhood Obesity in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Childhood Obesity in America - Essay Example To encourage healthy lifestyles among the American children, there is a need to have collaboration between parents and the education system to encourage healthy lifestyle among children though physical education and healthy diets in addition to the government introducing regulations on marketing of food meant for children consumption. Parents are the greatest contributors in childhood obesity due to their failure to control their children’s eating habits and engagement in physical activities. According to Parizkova and Hills, parents in modern US society have a tendency to prefer eating fast food in restaurants to cooking food at home while also allowing too much television watching by encouraging practices such as having bedroom televisions (396). It is important that parents encourage a healthy lifestyle for their children by cooking for them healthy meals at home. Cooking at home will ensure parents serve their children a balanced diet in addition to having enough portions per sitting. Additionally, limiting the number of hours children spent watching television will encourage other pass time activities such as outdoor games that are more physically engaging. Some people argue that parents can still acquire healthy meals in the restaurants by asking for healthy portions. Although this is partly true, pa rents can exercise more control over what their children consume by taking part in choosing ingredients as well as the process of cooking meals when it is done at home as opposed to in a restaurant. Therefore, preparing food at home becomes the best option when parents want their children to have a balance diet. The high level of childhood obesity in the US is not only as a result of a failure by parents to control the lifestyle of their children, it is also a failure of the education system to teach them about healthy living. Wicks-Nelson and Israel (383) reports